Sunday, March 15, 2020
A Philosophy of Worship
A Philosophy of Worship Free Online Research Papers It has been said that the purpose of the Christian life is to glorify God and enjoy Him forever. That is also the chief philosophy of Christian worship. The Christian is to glorify God in word, work and walk. The Christian is also to enjoy God forever. The Christian is to revel in the presence of God. The Christian is to sing His praises, remember the good gifts God has given and participate in Godââ¬â¢s mission. In short, the Christian is to glorify God and enjoy Him forever. PART I: DEFINITION OF WORSHIP Frank Segler says the word worship is derived from an Old English word weorthscipe. It means worthiness or worthy ship. The modern church uses this word to apply to giving God the recognition that He deserves. This word is inadequate in conveying the meanings that the Greek and Hebrew words used in scripture. Lee Campbellââ¬â¢ essay identifies some words that are frequently translated as worship. Though not always, the Greek word latreia is frequently translated as worship. This term, in Romans 9 and Hebrews 9, refers back to the Old Testament cultus. This was the false belief that killing disciples was service to God. It is also used in Romans 12:1, to mean that Christians should offer themselves as living sacrifices to God. Campbell says the Old Testament uses the words, shachach and aboda in reference to worship. The word aboda is used primarily in referring to serving in the temple . It is service oriented. Cleaning and preparing the temple for the sacrifices and rites associated with the daily operations of the temple. Segler says the word shachach means to ââ¬Å"bow downâ⬠or ââ¬Å"prostate oneselfâ⬠. Segler says this is similar to the Greek word proskyneo. The words shachac and proskyneo are referring to oneââ¬â¢s posture before God. Bowing down or prostrating oneââ¬â¢s self is a show of submission and reverence. Honor is given to the one bowed before. Jesus used this word in John 4:24. The Hebrew word, shachach, is the word used in Exodus 34:14. This is where God gives the command ââ¬Å"Do not worship any other gods.â⬠Do not bow or humble oneââ¬â¢s self before any other God. So there are at least several elements to worship. Sacrifice, service and recognizing that one is subservient to God are at least three of those elements. These can be seen as aspects of liturgy. Segler says this term is taken from the Greek word leitourgia. This word is similar in form to the word latreia. In the New Testament, the word referred to the work of priests in the old covenant (Luke 1:23). It included the preparation of the Temple and the sacrifice. It was an action word. In the New Testament, it refers to both the ministry of Christ and the worship of the church. Paul used this word when he referred to the offerings collected for Jerusalem Christians, for the assistance he received from others, the delivery of the Philippiansââ¬â¢ gift and of ministry to the gentiles. For Campbell, this indicates that sacrifice and service are two essential elements of worship. There is one final word that needs to be defined, the Greek word ekklesia. It is a combination of two words and means to call out. It originally referred to the gathering of free citizens to make decisions and take action on behalf of the general welfare. Greek speaking Jews used the term to refer to the gatherings of the people of Israel. Greek speaking Christians used the term to refer to gatherings of Christians for worship. James Strong identifies this word as being translated church in the New Testament. Michael Hawn says the church then is made up of those called out of the world to make decisions and take action on behalf of the world. Worship then is best defined as ascribing to some idea, entity or person honor and glory. This is done by acts of service, sacrifice and submission. For the Christian, God should be the object of worship. Worship defies objective definition. It is best experienced. PART II: MEANING OF WORSHIP The interesting thing about worship is that there is no set biblical definition. The Bible describes the object of worship and the actions of worshippers without ever defining the word worship. The words translated as worship describe specific actions. Worship is occurring every moment of everyday in the lives of every person. Harold Best says this occurs whether the person is aware of this or not. Every action that is taken is in response to what the individual gives the most worth at that moment. This can be worship of the one true God or many false gods. Worship is not limited to specific religious activities. Worship speaks to the deepest expressions of oneââ¬â¢s worldview. PART III: PURPOSE OF WORSHIP For Segler, worship then is the Opus Dei. The adoration of God is manââ¬â¢s highest privilege. God is to be worshipped for Godââ¬â¢s glory alone. In true worship, God reveals Himself to man and man reveals his heart to God. That is why in John 4:24, Jesus says that there will come a time when man would worship God in Spirit and truth. There was coming a time when the sin that separated man from experiencing God fully would be done away with. In this case, a primary purpose of worship is celebration. Man celebrates the action of God in history. It could be the Jew remembering the exodus in the Passover meal or the deliverance from Haman in the feast of Purim. It is also the Christian remembering the shed blood of Christ in communion and the new life symbolized by baptism. For Segler, worship involves experiencing God in a dialogue. God reveals Himself to us through His actions, through the Bible, through fellow believers, in music, poetry and the Holy Spirit. Man responds to God in worship. God speaks and man either obeys or revels in the love revealed. Man responds to God with music, words, through actions of love for fellow man. In essence man responds to God through the life he lives. Worship involves an encounter with God. God confronts the worshipper. Godââ¬â¢s presence is very real and not merely an emotional response. Giving is an essential aspect of worship. Worshippers are able to participate in the kingdom of God through the giving of their possessions. This is a remembrance of the sacrifices made in the Jewish system for an atonement of sin. Now the worshipper gives to show his appreciation for the work of Christ and out of obedience to God. Segler says: ââ¬Å"Worship is primarily the offering of our total selves to God, our intellect, our feelings, our attitudes and our possessions.â⬠PARTS IV: BIBLICAL AND HISTORICAL BASIS OF WORSHIP Worship began in the garden. Adam and Eve experienced a more intimate worship then most men ever will on this planet. They walked with God. God spoke in an audible voice. Adam worshipped God in his work. Adam was given the tasks of naming the animals and caring for the garden. This worship for Adam was his natural way of life before the fall. After the fall, it was no longer natural for Adam to worship. In Genesis 3, Adam and Eve are hiding from God. They no longer are in dialogue with God. Worship is broken. God takes the first step. God makes clothes of animal skins, this involves a sacrifice. Adam and Eve are cast out of the garden, this involve submission. Adam is then punished to hard work, this is service. For the years after the fall, worship is primarily led by the patriarch of a family. In Genesis, Noah, Enoch and others found faithful are described as walking with God. They dialogued with God. They were passionate about a relationship with God. They lived lives that glorified God and they were intent on enjoying Him forever. Segler calls this period the patriarchal period. Worship included building altars and dedicating places and objects to God. Fathers taught their children how to worship and led the family if the worship of God. Genesis chapter 12 introduces Abraham. Abraham submitted to God. God promised to bless Abraham. Abraham worshipped God and Abraham taught his son, Isaac, to worship God. Abrahamââ¬â¢s passion for God is seen in his willingness to sacrifice his son. (Genesis 22) After generations of dealing with the patriarchs, their descendants have become a large people. The descendents of Abraham find themselves slaves in Egypt. Moses is called by God to deliver these people. (Exodus 3) God now enters into a covenant with the nation of Israel. God says of this covenant: I will be your God and you will be my people. God gives His people the Ten Commandments. Obeying these commandments will identify the Israelites as worshippers of the true God. God institutes the sacrificial system. Segler says that God demanded sincere worship: ââ¬Å"You shall not bow down to them or worship other Godsâ⬠(Exodus 20:5). God establishes the priesthood and ordains that offerings and sacrifices be acts of worship in the centralized location of the tabernacle. During the period of the judges, shrines to God were set up in various places. David established Jerusalem as the center for Jewish worship (2 Sam. 24:25). David desired to build a temple for God. God denied David this privilege. David had even drawn up plans for the temple (2 Sam. 7:2-3). Solomon, Davidââ¬â¢s son, was allowed to build the temple. Worship for the people of God is centered on the temple. The feasts, sacrifices and offerings are centered on the temple. Thus we see man serving God in the temple, sacrificing in the temple and submitting to God in the temple. Israel was not faithful to God and so God sent prophets to call her to repentance. The worship of god was neglected and false gods were worshipped. Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and the other prophets warn of Godââ¬â¢s impending judgment for neglecting proper worship. As a result, Israel is conquered and led into captivity. It is in captivity that synagogues are formed and worship is no longer centered on Jerusalem and the temple. After 70 years of captivity, Israel is allowed to rebuild the temple and reestablish temple worship. Israel still uses the synagogue to supplement temple worship. Segler says that New Testament worship is rooted in Jewish practices. The first Christians were faithful Jews. From the beginning, the early church followed Jewish liturgy. Primarily the three forms of Christian worship were: worship in the temple, worship in the synagogue and worship in the home. In the book of Acts, Christians are found worshipping and meeting in the temple daily. As Christianity spreads throughout the empire, there is a pattern of Paul or Peter or another missionary first going to the local synagogue and preaching. After converts are made, they continue to meet in the synagogue or each otherââ¬â¢s homes. Worship becomes centered on the local congregation and patterned on the synagogue form. As Segler points out, this includes less formality, an emphasis on teaching and more lay participation in worship. The early church followed the synagogue pattern of worship. Segler identifies these as element of the synagogue form: 1. Reading of the Scriptures and their interpretation. 2. A recitation of the Shema (Deut. 6:4) 3. Psalms, Ten Commandments, Benediction and Amen. 4. Prayer 5. The prayer of sanctification. Synagogue worship still emphasized the feasts and celebrations of the Testament. Dr. Webber describes it as being event centered. Jewish worship is anchored on the exodus. It recalls the exodus and looks forward to the return to the Promised Land. These events are reenacted and celebrated over and over again. God is praised for His faithfulness and the congregants are encouraged to practice a sincere faith. Early Christian worship was also event oriented. The Christian church modified this form. The church substituted the Epistles and gospels for scripture readings. New Christian hymns replaced the Psalms and the ordinances of baptism and communion became center pieces of worship. Justin Martyr, in his Apology, described an early service in this way: And we afterwards continually remind each other of these things. And the wealthy among us help the needy; and we always keep together; and for all things wherewith we are supplied, we bless the Maker of all through His Son Jesus Christ, and through the Holy Ghost. And on the day called Sunday,76 all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place, and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits; then, when the reader has ceased, the president verbally instructs, and exhorts to the imitation of these good things. Then we all rise together and pray, and, as we before said, when our prayer is ended, bread and wine and water are brought, and the president in like manner offers prayers and thanksgivings, according to his ability,77 and the people assent, saying Amen; and there is a distribution to each, and a participation of that over which thanks have been given,78 and to those who are absent a portion is sent by the de acons. And they who are well to do, and willing, give what each thinks fit; and what is collected is deposited with the president, who succours the orphans and widows and those who, through sickness or any other cause, are in want, and those who are in bonds and the strangers sojourning among us, and in a word takes care of all who are in need. But Sunday is the day on which we all hold our common assembly, because it is the first day on which God, having wrought a change in the darkness and matter, made the world; and Jesus Christ our Saviour on the same day rose from the dead. For He was crucified on the day before that of Saturn (Saturday); and on the day after that of Saturn, which is the day of the Sun, having appeared to His apostles and disciples, He taught them these things, which we have submitted to you also for your consideration In this description of an early worship service, the following elements are found: (1) Scripture is read, (2) The scripture is interpreted, (3) prayer, (4) communion and (5) an offering are taken. These elements are very similar to the worship of the synagogue. This simple form of worship developed over the centuries and became more formalized culminating in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church centered on the Lordââ¬â¢s Supper. This Mass has remained very constant throughout the years. The reformation brought about a revolution of Christian worship. Three forms of worship came out of the reformation. Segler describes these as the Anglican, Reformed and Free Church forms. The Anglican form was similar to the Roman Catholic mass with the major differences being the use of the vernacular and the mass was no longer the repetition of the death of Christ. Instead the worshippers joined in the sacrifice offering their lives together with Christââ¬â¢s. Calvin sought to simplify worship. Segler identifies four items that Calvin specifically wanted to reform. Calvin believed the spiritual presence of Christ was present in the Lordââ¬â¢s Supper. He suggested that it be celebrated once a month. Calvin wanted to introduce congregational singing in worship and he developed a hymnbook for this purpose. Calvin also wanted to start teaching theology to children and reform the churchesââ¬â¢ view of marriage. The radical reformers and the puritan movements moved farther away from the liturgical form of worship. They wanted to return to primitive Christianity. Segler says these churches emphasized: the preaching of the Word, congregational participation and singing and a deemphasizing of the role of clergy. This is seen in the Anabaptists, Puritans and later Baptist churches. In America, the frontier was well suited to the Free Church form of worship. PART V: THEOLOGY OF WORSHIP In determining a theology of worship, the first principle one should look at is that worship is centered on God. Worship is not about man. The worshipper recognizes God primacy. This is emphasized by the words found in Genesis 1:1: ââ¬Å"In the beginning God.â⬠God is the creator. God existed before man. John Broadus says that if we were just spectators and not participants with God, worship would still be due God. We would still be drawn to worship God because of His wonderful works. Jonathan Edwards addresses this in his sermon: The End for Which God Created the World. ââ¬Å"And thus we see how, not only the creatureââ¬â¢s seeing and knowing Godââ¬â¢s excellence, but also supremely esteeming and loving him, belongs to the communication of Godââ¬â¢s fullness. And the communication of Godââ¬â¢s joy and happiness, consists chiefly in communicating to the creature that happiness and joy which consists in rejoicing in God, and in glorious excellency; for in such joy Godââ¬â¢s own happiness does principally consist. And in these things, knowing Godââ¬â¢s excellency, loving God for it, and rejoicing in it, and in the exercise and expression of these, consists Godââ¬â¢s honor and praise; so that these are clearly implied in that glory of God, which consists in the emanation of his eternal glory.â⬠Worship is Christ centered. Jesus is the only mediator between God and man (1 Tim. 2:5). It is only because of Christ that we are able to truly worship God. Jesus made possible reconciliation between man and God. This enables man to enter dialogue with God. Steve Pruitt says that it is Jesusââ¬â¢ shed blood on the cross that makes manââ¬â¢s sacrifice of praise possible. Man does not approach God on his own merit. Jesus provides access to the Father. Worship is not possible without the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit enables us to worship God. Jesus told the woman at the well that there was coming a time when men would worship in spirit and truth (John 2:24). The Holy Spirit is who enables us to worship in spirit. The Holy Spirit is the presence of God in the midst of the church. Segler says that The Holy Spirit creates the very desire to praise and worship God. After creating that desire, the Holy Spirit then empowers the congregation in worship. Worship is only made possible by the work of the Holy Spirit. Worship emphasizes the Word of God. The Bible is the written history of Godââ¬â¢s people. It tells the story of God reaching down and working and being active in the lives of His people. The Bible gives assurance of faith and hope for tomorrow. The Bible must be central in the worship of God. Every sermon preached, every song sung, every part of the worship must be grounded in the Bible. It is important to remember that even though the church has the revelation of scripture for instruction on the proper worship of God, man must be careful to insure that he worships God truthfully. John Calvin, in his commentary on the passage in John 4, says this: ââ¬Å"We are not to essay anything in religion rashly or unthinkingly. For unless there is knowledge present, it is not God we worship but a spectre or ghost. Hence all so-called good intentions are struck by a thunderbolt, which tells us that men can do nothing but err when they are guided by their own opinion without the Word or command of Godâ⬠PART VI: THE VALUE OF WORSHIP Man must worship because it is good for him. Broadus says that only worship can satisfy the highest aspirations of manââ¬â¢s nature. When one looks at the wonders of nature, his soul seeks out something to worship. It is not adequate to worship the creation man seeks the creator. Broadus also says that worship comforts man. It is comforting, in the midst of tragedy, to know that God knows what He is doing. That by worshipping and submitting to God, man can rest in the words that ââ¬Å"all things work together for good (Rom. 8:28).â⬠The third reason for worshipping God is worship nourishes the soul. Worship with God meets manââ¬â¢s deepest needs. Segler says that worship gives man a sense of belonging. It resolves feelings of guilt, anxiety, meaninglessness, insecurity, loneliness, brokenness and grief. Worship fills man with the peace of God. PART VII: SUGGESTIONS FOR THE PRACTICE OF MEANINGFUL WORSHIP The church should consider the Lordââ¬â¢s Day the ââ¬Å"eighthâ⬠day. It is the beginning of the new week and the consummation of the last week. In this manner worship is the foundation of life on earth and the promise of the consummation in heaven. Unfortunately over the last few centuries, worship has lost itsââ¬â¢ center. Basically a speaker stands up for thirty to forty-five minutes and lectures the congregation. If there is no sermon there is a testimony or special presentation that acts like one. The other ingredient of worship is music. Christian worship has been reduced to two ingredients. There might be a prayer or two and an offering. Communion and baptism occur infrequently. How is this different from any Bible study? What sets this apart as the ââ¬Å"eighthâ⬠day or the Lordsââ¬â¢ Day? One can get together with friends, sing songs and read the Bible any day. Now admittedly the performance of the act is usually more proficient on Sunday in a formal service then at an informal Bible study. More skill does not always translate to a taste of heaven on earth. What the church needs to do is emphasize that God is meeting the church in a special way. There is a logic and order to the quiet elegance found in simple liturgies that could perhaps set apart the ââ¬Å"eighthâ⬠day. The church begins by making the journey to His holy mountain. The congregation sings a song of entrance. A prayer of adoration is made. The church enters the presence of God and confesses sin, receives pardon. Praise is made for Godââ¬â¢s redemption and manââ¬â¢s adoption into His holy family. The scripture is read aloud. It is read with life and conviction. All of scripture is read. Hopefully Psalms are sung. The ancient tradition of ââ¬Å"passing the peaceâ⬠is observed. Prayer is a major part of the service. In the presence of God, prayers of thanksgiving, adoration, petition and blessing are offered. Scripture readings are punctuated by praise and thanks to God. A sermon or homily is offered. Rather then being the focal point of the service it is now just one component. This emphasizes that corporate aspect of worship. No one individual fills a prominent role in the worship service. Instead, worship is corporate and centered on what Dr. Webber calls the table and the word. The service ends at the table of God. When God meets His people, God offers a feast. Jesus commanded the church to partake of communion till his return. This is a foreshadowing of the feast promised in heaven. This makes the ââ¬Å"eighthâ⬠day service a true foretaste of the heaven to come. Research Papers on A Philosophy of WorshipCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoDefinition of Export QuotasNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMind TravelHonest Iagos Truth through Deception
Friday, February 28, 2020
The perception of social justice Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words
The perception of social justice - Term Paper Example From this research it is clear that the approach of social justice broadly focuses upon delivering equality to every member of the society. It not only engages particularly the criminal offenders but also encompasses all societal members. The major purpose of social justice is to provide equal financial, social and political opportunities as well as rights to all members within a community. In relation to the perception of social justice, it has been viewed that the social workers play an imperative part in protecting every societal member from any monetary abuse or any other social injustices. Conversely, the notion of criminal justice is fundamentally described as a valuable method which is exercised to mitigate especially the criminal offences. The system of criminal justice deals with the formation of effective governmental bodies which are comprised of court systems, correctional programs and law enforcement. These important agencies work collaboratively for the intention of del ivering efficient governmental social control. This social control is duly achieved through lessening the level of crimes, enforcing relevant criminal laws and delivering proper administration of justice. The system of criminal justice generally emphasizes upon controlling as well as reducing crimes by establishing significant criminal policy measures. In this similar context, the two ultimate objectives of the system of criminal justice are lessening the level of criminal offences and preserving proper governance of justice. By focusing upon the objectives of the system of criminal justice structure, it can be stated that the system plays a decisive part within the society by reducing crimes and supporting appropriate administration of justice (Cook, 2006). The significant concern of illegal immigration has raised extensive political, communal as well as financial issues and major disagreements in various nations throughout the globe. According to various researches, it has been po inted out that the contemporary wave of worldwide globalization is one of the major reasons for increased level of illegal immigration. In this regard, the major reason for augmented illegal immigration especially in the United States is that the nation delivers inadequate channels for legal migration of low-skilled workers. Due to this deficiency in the legal channels, a large proportion of low-skilled immigrants are unlawfully embedded in the economy of the US. Apart from the significant cause of globalization, the other chief reason for growing case of illegal immigration in the US is ineffective sanctions for unlawful hiring of the immigrants (Gans, 2007). In this discussion, the relationship of social justice along with the operations of the system of criminal justice and the prevalent criminal as well as social justice theories with regard to the US Constitution will be taken into concern. Moreover, the history of immigration, relationship of social justice and illegal immigra tion and the possible solutions to illegal immigration will also be portrayed in the discussion. 1. Relationship of Social Justice and the Operations of the Criminal Justice System The perception of social justice does not only involve criminal offenders abut also includes every individual member of a society. It has been apparently observed that the main objective of both the systems i.e. social as well as criminal justice is to protect the societal members and to deliver equal opportunities as well as rights to them. This is possible due to the enforcement of applicable laws, reduction in the level of crimes and support of efficient management of justice. The criminal and the social justice are interrelated to each other as criminal
Wednesday, February 12, 2020
Protein structure and function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Protein structure and function - Essay Example nce is responsible for the activities of the different subunits, for example, the exonuclease and excision activities in DNA polymerase I of prokaryotes (Gilbert 2000). The alpha helices in DNA polymerase organize themselves in the form of coiled coils, which are bundles of alpha helices that form superhelices. Hydrogen bonds and Van der Waal forces of attraction play a significant role in the tertiary structure of DNA polymerase. This gives a 3-D appearance of a clamp. For example in Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, DNA polymerases sustain nearness with nucleic acid templates by means of contact with sliding clamps, which enclose DNA thus connecting the polymerase and the substrate of the DNA (Argiriadi et al. 2006). DNA polymerase has several non-identical subunits depending on the type of organism in question. In eukaryotes, there are five different subunits namely alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon (Gilbert 2000). These subunits interact in the process of DNA replication with each subunit playing a distinct role. DNA polymerase also has several domains such as the zinc finger domain and the DNA binding domains. The zinc fingers comprise of interactions between sulphide, nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the neighbouring peptides with a zinc ion. These regions influence the function of DNA polymerase by enabling the binding of the enzyme to the template strand of DNA at the replication fork before the process of replication can commence (Styrer et al. 2002). Argiriadi, M. A., Goedken, E. R., Bruck, I., ODonnell, M., & Kuriyan, J 2006, ââ¬Å"Crystal structure of a DNA polymerase sliding clamp from a Gram-positive bacterium,â⬠BMC Structural Biology, vol.6 no. 2, pp.
Friday, January 31, 2020
Discuss the exhibition in relation to the spaces and subjects of Essay
Discuss the exhibition in relation to the spaces and subjects of modernity - Essay Example st visitors, the stars of the show were the machines which were powering the worldââ¬â¢s first industrial revolution: cotton looms, telegraphy systems, printing presses and, best of all, steam enginesâ⬠(Barbrook, n.d.). The overriding theme in the New York Fair of 1939 was the "Building the World of Tomorrow with the Tools of Today." Many new technologies were presented and popularized at the New York fair, including developments in ââ¬Å"radio, television, color photography, labor saving electrical devices, home building materials, and most importantly, transportationâ⬠(Nee, 2004). Exhibits on the newly emerging mode of air travel were popular, and the rail and ship industry had sleek buildings and exhibits. However, the exhibit that stole the show was the "Futurama" exhibit, sponsored by General Motors (Nee, 2004). Both of these cities, already steeped in a diverse culture, looked to future developments as the cornerstone of the world-class fairs. As in most large expositions, both contained various ethnic offerings of food, entertainment and religious exhibits. Social influences were bound by these fairs in two ways. Diverse cultures integrated which expanded an individualââ¬â¢s thoughts and knowledge outside of their own small world. ââ¬Å"The fairs also introduced many inventions creating methods of making the world smaller electronically. Inside the Crystal Palace, new technology became the icon of modernityâ⬠¦ Machinery was materialised ideologyâ⬠(Barbrook, n.d.). Despite differences regarding the ideological meaning of new technologies, defining the symbolism of machinery meant owning the imaginary future. These fairs merged cultural ideals and dreams and made distances between them seem less so. Subsequent to the London Exhibition, other countries swiftly organised their own industrial festivals in order to showcase their own idea path to the future. Within only two years, New York had held its first Worlds Fair and, a couple years later, Paris
Thursday, January 23, 2020
Standard Oil 1911 :: essays research papers
Standard Oil Case of 1911 Out of the cases decided by the Supreme Court I feel the most influential dealt with the issue of Civil Rights. Two cases in particular that dealt with the post Civil War use of the Thirteenth Amendment were Jones v. Mayer, 1968 and Runyan v. McCrary, 1976. Although the Thirteenth Amendment was added to the constitution in 1865 it was not fully put to use until one hundred years later. That is why I feel that the judgements made by the Supreme Court in these two cases was necessary and showed the way our government can evolve to fit the times. The thirteenth stated that slavery would no longer be allowed in the U.S. unless used as punishment for a convicted crime. After the Civil War many civil rights laws were passed based on the Thirteenth Amendment but were later repealed. Congress drew the conclusion that racial discrimination did not place blacks in servitude. For years after it was believed that Congress did not have the power under the amendment to deal with racial discri mination. In the Jones v. Mayer case of 1968 helped to bring back the power of a lost Thirteenth civil rights law. The law stated that all citizens of The United States had the right to purchase, sell, or rent any territory that could be enjoyed by white citizens. Jones had sued Mayer because he refused to sell him a home because he was black. The Court decided for Jones saying the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery and gives to Congress to abolish the "badges of slavery." In the 1976 Runyan v. McCrary case, two black students had been refused admittance into two private schools in Virginia. The Court applied another 1866 law that stated all citizens of The United States had the right to make and enforce contracts as do white citizens. Since the schools went against their publicly advertised admissions contract the Court decided for the students. These two cases are very influential because they used the Thirteenth Amendment to give Congress the right to do away with any rem aining "Badges of Slavery." Two cases that were not justly decided were Plessy v. Ferguson and Michael M. v. Superior Court. In Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court decided that having separated but equal facilities was constitutional and did not inflict a "badge of slavery." However this gave people the right to segregation and discrimination which is unconstitutional.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Living in the forest Essay
Although the majority of people in the Amazon live in the cities and towns, there are still many indigenous groups living in the forest, some who have no contact with the ââ¬Ëoutsideââ¬â¢ world and live in a harmonic environment. Rainforests are the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, as well as being the home to an estimated 50 million indigenous forest people. These people depend on the rainforest for their way of life. It provides them nearly everything from shelter and food to tools and medicine. The people living in the forest make practical and sustainable use of the forest. It also plays an important role in their spiritual and cultural life. Other than hunting, gathering wild fruits and nuts and fishing, each family usually has two gardens. One is a small house garden which consists of a variety of plants and the second is a large plantation planted with bananas, manioc or rice. They use a sustainable farming method called shifting cultivation. First they clear a small area of land and burn it (slash and burn). Then they plant different types of plants, to be used for food and medicines. After a few years, the soil has become too poor to allow for more crops to grow and weeds start to take over. They then move to a nearby un-cleared area. This land is traditionally allowed to re-grow for 10-50 years before it is farmed again. Shifting cultivation is still practiced by those indigenous groups who have access to a large amount of land. However, with the growing number of non-indigenous farmers and the shrinking rainforest, other groups, especially in Indonesia and Africa, are now forced to remain in one area. The land becomes a wasteland after a few years of overuse, and cannot be used for future agriculture. Indigenous people respect the forest that, until the present, has protected them from outsiders and given them everything they need. They live in a sustainable existence. This means that they use the land without harming the plants and animals that also call the rainforest their home. Indigenous people get all their resources primarily from the forest. Other than their food they get their clothing, tools, medicines and shelter form there. This is part of their culture and way of life, as their ancestors also lived in this way. Children do not go to school however they learn about the forest through their parents and other members of the community. They are taught how to survive in the forest. This usually includes how to hunt and fish. They are also taught which plants are useful as medicines or food. Some of these children know more about the rainforests than scientists who have been studying rainforests for many years. There are many different groups. But one example is the ââ¬ËMakuââ¬â¢ group. A daily life of someone in the ââ¬ËMakuââ¬â¢ village: The women wake up at sunrise and prepare the menââ¬â¢s breakfast. Each meal is communal and is eaten at the leaderââ¬â¢s house. After the men have eaten breakfast they depart either alone or in pairââ¬â¢s depending on what prey they saw the day before. After they have left the women and children eat and soon after go to the swiddens to harvest and replant manioc. They return around midday and prepare manioc flour, bread and porridges. At about three in the afternoon the men return with what they have caught and hand it over to their wives. Each woman cooks at her own fireplace but the meal is communal and held in the leaders house. The men eat first and then the women and children. After this three or four meals follow until they sleep, this is at around 9p.m. Indigenous people have a very strong culture and still practice it. One of the rituals are when a young boy or girl go into adulthood the hair on their head is plucked out by other people. Even though they are given a medicine to make them unconscious it is still very painful. Anybody can take part in this ritual. Each group has the same basic believes but then differs when it comes to rituals and culture. In the ââ¬ËKarajaââ¬â¢ group the role of men and women are very important. The men are responsible for defending the territory, clearing swiddens, domestic and collective fishing trips and formalized discussions in the menââ¬â¢s plaza. Women are responsible for the education of the children until the age of initiation for the boys but permanentlyà responsible for the girls. They also do the domestic tasks such as cooking, collecting swiddens products and arranging the marriage of the children (usually done by the grandmothers) and also the painting and decoration of the children during rituals and the manufacture of ceramic dolls. When a baby is born the baby is washed with warm water and it face is painted with red dye. During the infancy the baby spends most of its time with its mother or grandmothers. However when a boy reaches the age of seven or eight his lower lip is pierced. When he reaches the age of ten to twelve years- the boy takes part in a large male ritual called Big House or Hetohoky. The boys are painted with blue/black genipap and remain confined for seven days in a ritual house called the Big House. The hair is cut off and the boy is called giant river otter or jyre. During the first menstrual period of a girl, the maternal grandmother looks after her and she is confined in isolation. Her public re-appearance is when she is elaborately decorated with painted body designs and feather adornments in order to dance with the Aruanas. This is highly rated by the men. The marriage is ideally arranged by the grandmother-preferably from the same village. Once married the couple life at the girls mothers house. When the family number becomes numerous the couple makes their own house. They also have many myths. For example the ââ¬ËCanelaââ¬â¢ believe that the origin of fire and corn came about like this: a boy brought fire for his people by stealing it from the hearth of a female jaguar. Star woman fell in love with a Canela and so came down to live for awhile among his family members. During her stay she told them that corn would grow fin the forest and she taught them that it was good to eat. This is the origin of the gardens. She then returned to the sky with her mate and they transformed into twin starts which we know as Castor and Pollux. These are just one of the myths which have now become the background of these people. Nutrient cycling is an important part of the ecosystem. It is added into the ecosystems in many ways: Leaching- the nutrients are removed by the movement of the water. Harvesting- when the trees get harvested the nutrients they contained get removed. The amount of nutrients removes depends on how the harvesting is done. Atmosphere- nutrients contained in precipitation and dusts are deposited on the forest site. Weathering of parent material- the slow process of breaking down rock and mineral gets nutrients released in the soil. Due to human activity the life of these people are being altered. There are also a lot of environmental issues which affect the rainforest and the people living in it. This includes forest fires, diseases and landslides. The changes of environment are depending on the region and the climate. Due to all of this the lives are being changed and more recently in a major way. The cultures they had a long time ago are being lost. Before they lived depending on their surroundings and what they had and also they enjoyed it. But now they are slowly depending on tourists for some of their income and will most probably become completely dependant on tourists. Spear fishing- it is used when setting a net would be impractical, such as near trees. The spearhead is three pointed and barbed. A string is attached at the end of the spear so the fisherman can get the fish after a successful throw. Sugar cane pressers- sugar cane is grown primarily for the juice and then fermented to make a type of rum called ââ¬Ëaguardienteââ¬â¢.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Working Professionals in Iowa Find Convenience at Kaplan University 2019
Although some job opportunities in criminal justice require only a high school education, a bachelor of science in criminal justice can greatly expand employment opportunities and earning power for working professionals. Iowa professionals looking to start or advance a career in the criminal justice system now have the opportunity to pursue a bachelor of science in criminal justice at Kaplan University while maintaining a full-time job. Students choose to study through distance education or the local Davenport Kaplan University campus to gain access to a host of employment options upon graduation. Iowa Job Opportunities with a Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice from Kaplan University The Iowa criminal justice system offers a wide variety of occupations for Kaplan Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice graduates. Law enforcement, corrections, and courts are potential areas of employment. Sample job titles include: Iowa State or Federal Police Officer. Corrections Officer. Parole Officer. Corrections Treatment Specialist. Probation Officer. Identification Officer. Private Security Officer/Guard. .u7e87dd4b754ec274696bbf9160ca46ed { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u7e87dd4b754ec274696bbf9160ca46ed:active, .u7e87dd4b754ec274696bbf9160ca46ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u7e87dd4b754ec274696bbf9160ca46ed { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u7e87dd4b754ec274696bbf9160ca46ed .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u7e87dd4b754ec274696bbf9160ca46ed .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u7e87dd4b754ec274696bbf9160ca46ed:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Choosing a Good Health Care PlanIowa employers who hire Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice graduates from Kaplan University include: Iowa State Police Department. Davenport Police Department. Iowa Department of Corrections. Iowa Correctional Institute for Women. Iowa Medical and Classification Center. Anamosa State Penitentiary. Fort Dodge Correctional Facility. Exploring Iowa Criminal Justice Degrees at Kaplan University Since its inception in 1937, Kaplan University has been a smart choice for working professionals in Iowa and across the nation. Iowa students have the option of pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice online from the comfort of their homes or attending the Davenport Kaplan University campus on East Kimberly Road according to their schedule. In addition to top quality education from experienced professionals, Kaplan University also offers the opportunity for students to work at a local crime lab in Iowa. Finally, Iowa working professionals are able to select one of 7 areas of focus within the field of criminal justice, including law enforcement, forensic psychology, corrections, crime scene analysis, crime scene investigation, fraud examination, and private security. .u0432fa31c29043192e66062aee0db5b7 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u0432fa31c29043192e66062aee0db5b7:active, .u0432fa31c29043192e66062aee0db5b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u0432fa31c29043192e66062aee0db5b7 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u0432fa31c29043192e66062aee0db5b7 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u0432fa31c29043192e66062aee0db5b7 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u0432fa31c29043192e66062aee0db5b7:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Why Startups Should Seek Help From The Small Business AdministrationRelated ArticlesHelping the Nation With an Online Associates in Criminal JusticeCriminal Justice Bachelor Degree Single Parents in Colorado Find Convenience at Kaplan UniversityAssociate Degree in Criminal Justice Boost Earning Potential and Streamline into the Criminal Justice WorkforceAssociate Degree in Criminal Justice 20 Months to a Better Career or Foundation for a Bachelor DegreeBachelor Criminal Justice Degree Benefits and Rewards of a Crime Scene Investigation EmphasisOnline Criminal Justice Program Practice Law Enforcement for the Courts as a Bailiff
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